Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

The conjunctiva is a thin, clear layer that covers the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. Conjunctivitis means this layer is inflamed, which makes the eye look pink or red [1][2].

There are three main types [1][2][3]:

• Viral: the most common type. Often comes with a cold or sore throat. The eye is red and watery. It is very contagious.
• Bacterial: the eye is red with sticky yellow or green discharge. The eyelids may be stuck together in the morning. It is also contagious.
• Allergic: caused by things like dust, dust mites, pollen or pet fur. The eyes are very itchy and watery, usually both eyes. It is not contagious.

Common signs include [1][3]:

• A pink or red eye, in one or both eyes
• Watering, or sticky discharge
• A gritty or burning feeling
• Itching, especially with allergy
• Crusty eyelids, especially when you wake up
• Mildly swollen eyelids

Your vision should stay normal, apart from slight blur from discharge that clears when you blink. Conjunctivitis is usually not painful. Real pain or blurred vision suggests something more serious.

Many other eye problems can look like conjunctivitis but can damage your sight [1][4].

See an eye doctor the same day if you have:

• Eye pain (not just grittiness)
• Sensitivity to light
• Reduced or blurred vision that does not clear with blinking
• A red eye while wearing contact lenses. Take the lenses out. This could be an infection of the cornea.
• A very red eye after an injury or chemical splash
• A newborn baby (under 4 weeks old) with red, sticky or swollen eyes
• A weak immune system, or symptoms that are getting worse or not better after 1 to 2 weeks

Most conjunctivitis gets better by itself in 1 to 2 weeks [1][4]. To feel more comfortable:

• Clean the eyelids gently with cotton wool soaked in cooled boiled water. Use a fresh piece for each eye.
• Use a cool compress on the eyes.
• Use lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) from the pharmacy.
• Stop wearing contact lenses until your eyes are completely better.

By type:

• Viral: antibiotics do not help viruses. It can take 2 to 3 weeks to settle.
• Bacterial: usually settles on its own. Antibiotic drops or ointment may help it clear faster, especially if it is not improving [4].
• Allergic: avoid the trigger if you can. Antihistamine eye drops from a pharmacist or doctor ease the itch. Try not to rub your eyes.

Do not use steroid eye drops unless an eye doctor has examined you. Do not use leftover or borrowed drops, breast milk or traditional remedies in the eye.

Infective conjunctivitis spreads through hands, towels and tissues [2][3]. To stop it spreading:

• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after touching your eyes.
• Do not share towels, pillows, face cloths or eye make-up.
• Do not rub your eyes.
• Throw away eye make-up and disposable contact lenses used while infected.
• Stay away from swimming pools until it has cleared.
• Follow your school or workplace advice about staying home.

Where to get help in Brunei

For a red eye that is not getting better, you can walk in to any Community Eye Clinic at your health centre. No referral is needed.